Refractive Myopia: Nearsightedness and Its Correction Options
- The Straits Eye Centre
- Sep 20
- 4 min read
Introduction: Why Nearsightedness Matters
Myopia, also called nearsightedness, is one of the most common refractive conditions worldwide, especially in Singapore where rates are among the highest globally. It occurs when the eye is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
The result: clear vision up close, but blurred vision at a distance. This can affect daily activities like reading signs, driving, or recognising faces. Fortunately, multiple correction options exist, from glasses to refractive surgery.
What Is Refractive Myopia?
Refractive myopia is specifically caused by the way the eye bends light. It is distinct from pathological myopia (a severe form that can damage the retina). Most patients have refractive myopia, which is correctable.
Causes and Risk Factors
Genetic predisposition (family history).
Environmental factors like excessive near work and screen use.
Lack of outdoor time in childhood.
Progression often stabilises in adulthood but can continue in some cases.
Symptoms of Refractive Myopia
Blurry distance vision.
Squinting to see clearly.
Eye strain or headaches.
Difficulty driving at night (night myopia).
Complications if Untreated
Reduced quality of life (difficulty with sports, driving, daily tasks).
Higher risk of eye diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment in high myopia.
Diagnosis
Visual acuity test to measure clarity.
Refraction test to determine prescription.
Comprehensive eye exam to rule out other conditions.
Correction and Treatment Options
Spectacles
The most common and safe way to correct myopia.
Options include single-vision lenses and progressive lenses.
Contact Lenses
Provide wider field of view and are convenient for sports.
Available as daily, monthly, or specialty lenses.
Refractive Surgery
For adults whose prescriptions have stabilised:
SMILE: Small incision lenticule extraction, minimally invasive laser surgery.
PRK: Photorefractive keratectomy, surface ablation technique.
ICL: Implantable collamer lenses, suitable for high myopia or thin corneas.
Lifestyle and Prevention
Encourage children to spend more time outdoors.
Take regular screen breaks (20-20-20 rule).
Regular eye check-ups for early detection and management.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What age does myopia usually develop?
Most cases begin in childhood, typically during primary school years, and may progress until early adulthood.
2. Can myopia be reversed naturally?
No. While lifestyle changes can slow progression in children, myopia itself cannot be reversed without corrective lenses or surgery.
3. What’s the difference between high myopia and refractive myopia?
Refractive myopia refers to general nearsightedness due to the eye’s focusing power. High myopia is a severe degree (≥ -6.00 diopters) that carries greater risks.
4. Is refractive surgery safe?
Yes, when performed by an experienced eye specialist, SMILE, PRK, and ICL are safe and effective options with high success rates.
5. Who is suitable for SMILE surgery?
Adults with stable prescriptions, healthy corneas, and moderate myopia with or without astigmatism may qualify.
6. Are glasses or contacts better for myopia?
It depends on lifestyle and preference. Both correct vision effectively, but contacts offer more freedom for sports and activities.
7. Can myopia keep worsening in adults?
Most stabilise in adulthood, but some may progress, especially with prolonged near work.
8. How often should I check my eyes if I have myopia?
At least once a year, or more frequently if your prescription changes quickly or you experience symptoms like sudden flashes or floaters.
Meet Our Specialists
At The Straits Eye Centre, your vision care is in the hands of a dedicated team of experienced ophthalmologists. Each of our doctors brings unique expertise and a shared commitment to delivering thorough, patient-focused care for all ages. Whether you need advanced cataract surgery, paediatric eye management, or treatment for complex eye conditions, our team works together to provide the same attentive care we would want for our own families.
Dr Jayant V Iyer
Senior Consultant & Medical Director
Special interest: Cataract, Glaucoma, General Ophthalmology With specialist training in Singapore and the UK, Dr Jayant V Iyer has served as Head of Department at Sengkang General Hospital and Senior Consultant at Tan Tock Seng Hospital. He is committed to delivering safe, precise surgical care with clear communication at every stage.
Dr Jason Lee
Senior Consultant & Medical Director
Special interest: Oculoplastics, General Ophthalmology, Myopia, Cataract, Diabetic Retinopathy Dr Jason Lee has extensive training in eyelid, orbital, and tear system surgery, with fellowships completed in Taiwan and China. Previously a Senior Consultant at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, he co-founded The Vision Mission, a non-profit bringing sustainable eye care to communities in Asia.
Cost, Medisave, and Insurance
Many procedures at The Straits Eye Centre are eligible for Medisave claims under MOH guidelines, and certain insurance plans may cover part or all of your treatment costs. Our patient care team will guide you through eligibility, claim limits, and paperwork, so you can focus on your recovery. For more details, refer to our Medisave & Insurance Guide.
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