Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
- The Straits Eye Centre
- Sep 20
- 3 min read
Introduction: When Your Eyes Feel Constantly Tired
If your eyes often feel gritty, watery, or uncomfortable, you may be experiencing Dry Eye Syndrome (DES). This condition occurs when your eyes do not produce enough quality tears to stay lubricated. In Singapore, dry eyes are increasingly common due to long screen time, air-conditioned environments, and aging. While uncomfortable, it is a manageable condition with the right diagnosis and treatment plan.
What Is Dry Eye Syndrome?
Dry Eye Syndrome happens when your eyes lack sufficient tears or when tears evaporate too quickly. Tears are essential for keeping the eyes moist, washing away debris, and ensuring clear vision.
There are two main types:
Aqueous-deficient dry eye: reduced tear production.
Evaporative dry eye: tears evaporate too quickly, often due to meibomian gland dysfunction.
Causes and Risk Factors
Prolonged digital device use (reduced blinking).
Air-conditioned or windy environments.
Aging, especially in those above 50.
Hormonal changes (more common in women).
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Sjögren’s syndrome).
Certain medications (antihistamines, antidepressants).
Contact lens wear.
Eyelid conditions like blepharitis or meibomian gland dysfunction.
Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome
Persistent dryness, burning, or stinging sensation.
Foreign body sensation (feeling like sand in the eye).
Blurred vision, especially after prolonged use of screens.
Redness and irritation.
Light sensitivity.
Paradoxical watery eyes (from reflex tearing).
Complications if Untreated
Chronic discomfort and reduced quality of life.
Increased risk of eye infections.
Corneal damage, ulcers, or scarring.
Fluctuating or reduced vision.
Diagnosis in Singapore
An eye specialist can diagnose dry eye through:
Tear film breakup time (TBUT).
Schirmer’s test (measuring tear production).
Meibomian gland evaluation.
Slit-lamp examination of the cornea and conjunctiva.
Treatment Options for Dry Eye
Self-care and Lifestyle Adjustments
Frequent blinking during screen use.
Using humidifiers in dry environments.
Taking regular breaks from digital devices.
Medical Treatments
Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops.
Anti-inflammatory eye drops (prescription).
Punctal plugs to conserve tears.
Warm compresses and lid massage.
Oral omega-3 fatty acids (supporting tear quality).
Advanced Procedures
Meibomian gland expression.
Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction.
Prevention Tips
Follow the 20-20-20 rule for screen time (every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds).
Maintain proper hydration.
Avoid rubbing your eyes.
Remove makeup thoroughly before sleep.
Practice good eyelid hygiene.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is dry eye permanent?
Dry eye is usually a chronic condition but can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments.
2. Can dry eye cause blindness?
Severe untreated dry eye can damage the cornea, leading to vision loss, but blindness is rare with timely treatment.
3. Are artificial tears safe for long-term use?
Yes, preservative-free artificial tears are safe for frequent use. Preservative-containing drops should be used less often.
4. Can contact lens wearers get dry eye?
Yes. Contact lenses reduce oxygen flow to the cornea and may worsen dry eye. Specialized lenses may help.
5. How does age affect dry eye?
Tear production decreases with age, making dry eye more common in seniors.
6. Can diet help with dry eyes?
Yes. Omega-3 fatty acids (from fish or supplements) may improve tear quality.
7. Is dry eye linked to other diseases?
Yes. Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or Sjögren’s syndrome can cause severe dry eye.
8. When should I see a doctor?
If symptoms persist despite artificial tears, or if you experience pain, blurred vision, or light sensitivity
Meet Our Specialists
At The Straits Eye Centre, your vision care is in the hands of a dedicated team of experienced ophthalmologists. Each of our doctors brings unique expertise and a shared commitment to delivering thorough, patient-focused care for all ages. Whether you need advanced cataract surgery, paediatric eye management, or treatment for complex eye conditions, our team works together to provide the same attentive care we would want for our own families.
Dr Jason Lee
Senior Consultant & Medical Director
Special interest: Oculoplastics, General Ophthalmology, Myopia, Cataract, Diabetic Retinopathy Dr Jason Lee has extensive training in eyelid, orbital, and tear system surgery, with fellowships completed in Taiwan and China. Previously a Senior Consultant at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, he co-founded The Vision Mission, a non-profit bringing sustainable eye care to communities in Asia.
Cost, Medisave, and Insurance
Many procedures at The Straits Eye Centre are eligible for Medisave claims under MOH guidelines, and certain insurance plans may cover part or all of your treatment costs. Our patient care team will guide you through eligibility, claim limits, and paperwork, so you can focus on your recovery. For more details, refer to our Medisave & Insurance Guide.
Secure Your Appointment at The Straits Eye Centre
at Parkway East Hospital
Your vision health deserves timely and professional attention. Book your appointment now at our Parkway East Hospital clinic and take the first step towards clearer, healthier sight.
