Glaucoma: The Silent Thief of Sight in Adults and Seniors
- The Straits Eye Centre
- Sep 19
- 4 min read
Introduction: Why Glaucoma Is Called the Silent Thief
Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it causes gradual vision loss without obvious early symptoms. By the time patients notice changes, significant and irreversible damage to the optic nerve may already have occurred.
In Singapore, glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. Seniors, those with family history, and people with certain medical conditions such as diabetes are at higher risk. Fortunately, with regular screening and timely treatment, vision loss can be slowed or prevented.
What Is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The optic nerve is essential for transmitting visual information to the brain. When it is damaged, vision loss occurs.
Key facts:
Vision loss from glaucoma is permanent.
It often progresses without symptoms.
Screening is the only way to detect it early.
Types of Glaucoma
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type, with slow, gradual vision loss.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Less common but a medical emergency, with sudden eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision.
Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure.
Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by other eye conditions, trauma, or medications.
Causes and Risk Factors of Glaucoma in Adults and Seniors
Increased intraocular pressure.
Age: More common after 40, especially over 60.
Family history: Strong genetic component.
Ethnicity: Higher prevalence in Asians and Africans.
Medical conditions: Diabetes, hypertension.
Eye injuries or long-term steroid use.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
Early glaucoma in adults and seniors usually has no noticeable symptoms. As it progresses:
Gradual loss of peripheral vision.
Tunnel vision in advanced stages.
In acute angle-closure glaucoma: severe eye pain, headache, nausea, blurred vision, halos around lights.
Why Untreated Glaucoma Is Dangerous
Permanent and irreversible vision loss.
Increased risk of blindness if not managed.
Reduced independence and safety in daily life.
Screening for Glaucoma
Glaucoma is best detected through regular eye screenings, which may include:
Tonometry: Measures eye pressure.
Optic nerve assessment: Checking for damage.
Visual field test: Detecting peripheral vision loss.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Imaging the optic nerve and retina.
In Singapore, adults above 40, or those with risk factors, should undergo periodic screening.
Treatment Options for Glaucoma
While glaucoma cannot be cured, treatment slows its progression and protects remaining vision.
Medicated eye drops: First-line treatment to lower intraocular pressure.
Laser therapy: Improves fluid drainage in the eye.
Surgery: For advanced or unresponsive cases, options include trabeculectomy or implant surgery.
Monitoring: Lifelong follow-up is essential.
Living with Glaucoma
Glaucoma requires ongoing management. Patients should:
Adhere strictly to prescribed medication.
Attend regular follow-up visits.
Inform doctors about glaucoma before starting new medications.
Make lifestyle adjustments: proper lighting, avoiding falls, and managing chronic diseases.
Lifestyle and Prevention
Regular eye screenings, especially for those above 40.
Control diabetes and hypertension.
Protect eyes from injury.
Inform family members, as glaucoma can run in families.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can glaucoma be cured?
No. Vision lost from glaucoma cannot be restored, but treatment slows progression.
2. How often should I be screened for glaucoma?
Adults over 40 or those with risk factors should undergo screening every 1–2 years.
3. What is the difference between open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma?
Open-angle develops slowly and silently, while angle-closure is sudden and painful, requiring emergency care.
4. Do all patients with high eye pressure develop glaucoma?
No. Some may never develop optic nerve damage, but monitoring is needed.
5. Is glaucoma hereditary?
Yes. A family history of glaucoma increases risk significantly.
6. What are the latest treatments for glaucoma?
Laser and minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) are newer options, depending on suitability.
7. Can lifestyle changes help glaucoma?
Healthy habits may support overall eye health, but medical treatment is essential.
8. What happens if I stop my glaucoma drops?
Stopping medication without advice can lead to permanent, irreversible vision loss.
Meet Our Specialists
At The Straits Eye Centre, your vision care is in the hands of a dedicated team of experienced ophthalmologists. Each of our doctors brings unique expertise and a shared commitment to delivering thorough, patient-focused care for all ages. Whether you need advanced cataract surgery, paediatric eye management, or treatment for complex eye conditions, our team works together to provide the same attentive care we would want for our own families.
Dr Jayant V Iyer
Senior Consultant Eye Surgeon
Special interest: Cataract, Glaucoma, General Ophthalmology With specialist training in Singapore and the UK, Dr Jayant V Iyer has served as Head of Department at Sengkang General Hospital and Senior Consultant at Tan Tock Seng Hospital. He is committed to delivering safe, precise surgical care with clear communication at every stage.
Dr Jason Lee
Senior Consultant & Medical Director
Special interest: Oculoplastics, General Ophthalmology, Myopia, Cataract, Diabetic Retinopathy Dr Jason Lee has extensive training in eyelid, orbital, and tear system surgery, with fellowships completed in Taiwan and China. Previously a Senior Consultant at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, he co-founded The Vision Mission, a non-profit bringing sustainable eye care to communities in Asia.
Cost, Medisave, and Insurance
Many procedures at The Straits Eye Centre are eligible for Medisave claims under MOH guidelines, and certain insurance plans may cover part or all of your treatment costs. Our patient care team will guide you through eligibility, claim limits, and paperwork, so you can focus on your recovery. For more details, refer to our Medisave & Insurance Guide.
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