Pterygium: Understanding Surfer’s Eye
- The Straits Eye Centre
- Sep 19
- 3 min read
Introduction: What Is Surfer’s Eye?
If you’ve ever noticed a wedge-shaped growth creeping from the white of the eye onto the cornea, you may have seen a pterygium. Often nicknamed surfer’s eye, this condition is strongly linked to prolonged sun and UV exposure. While surfers are at high risk, anyone who spends significant time outdoors in Singapore’s sunny climate can develop it.
For many, pterygium starts as a cosmetic concern. But in some cases, it causes redness, irritation, or even blurred vision. Severe cases may require surgery to remove the growth and restore comfort.
What Is a Pterygium?
A pterygium is a benign (non-cancerous) fibrovascular growth of conjunctival tissue extending from the white of the eye onto the cornea.
Key characteristics:
Triangular or wedge-shaped.
Usually grows from the inner corner of the eye.
May remain small or progressively enlarge.
Unlike a simple red vein or conjunctival thickening, a pterygium grows onto the cornea and can distort vision if untreated.
Causes and Risk Factors
UV exposure: The most significant cause.
Outdoor environments: Fishermen, farmers, construction workers, and athletes.
Dry, dusty, or windy climates: Irritation worsens risk.
Genetics: Higher prevalence in some populations.
Age: More common in adults over 30.
Symptoms of Pterygium
Redness or inflammation of the growth.
Gritty, foreign body sensation.
Eye irritation, tearing, or dryness.
Cosmetic concern (visible white or pink growth).
Blurred vision if the growth distorts the cornea or covers the pupil.
Risks of Untreated Pterygium
Progressive enlargement onto the cornea.
Astigmatism due to corneal distortion.
Reduced vision if it covers the visual axis.
Chronic irritation and redness.
Diagnosis in Singapore
An eye specialist can diagnose pterygium with a slit-lamp examination. In advanced cases, corneal topography may be done to assess induced astigmatism.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Management
Lubricating eye drops: Relieve irritation.
Anti-inflammatory drops: Short-term relief for redness.
UV protection: Sunglasses and hats to slow progression.
Surgical Management
When the pterygium is large, recurrent, or affects vision:
Pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft: The most effective surgery. Removes the growth and replaces it with healthy conjunctiva to reduce recurrence.
Amniotic membrane graft: Sometimes used for large or recurrent cases.
Adjunctive therapies (mitomycin C, fibrin glue): Reduce recurrence rates.
Recovery After Pterygium Surgery
Mild discomfort and redness for 1–2 weeks.
Stitches or tissue glue dissolve over time.
Eye drops prescribed to aid healing and prevent infection.
Return to work within days, depending on occupation.
Recurrence possible, but reduced with modern surgical techniques.
Prevention Tips
Wear UV-blocking sunglasses outdoors.
Use wide-brimmed hats in sunny weather.
Avoid dusty or windy environments when possible.
Use artificial tears to keep eyes moist.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is pterygium dangerous?
No, it is not cancerous. But it can impair vision if it grows across the cornea.
2. Can pterygium go away on its own?
No. Once formed, it does not regress. Only surgery removes it.
3. Is surgery always required?
Not always. Small, stable pterygia may be monitored with drops and UV protection.
4. How long does pterygium surgery take?
Typically 30–60 minutes, done as a day procedure.
5. Is surgery painful?
No. It is performed under local anaesthesia. Some mild post-op irritation is common.
6. Can pterygium come back after removal?
Yes, recurrence is possible, but modern techniques lower the risk.
7. Who is most at risk in Singapore?
Outdoor workers, athletes, and those exposed to prolonged sun and haze.
8. Can children get pterygium?
It is rare, but possible, especially in tropical climates.
Meet Our Specialist
At The Straits Eye Centre, your vision care is in the hands of a dedicated team of experienced ophthalmologists. Each of our doctors brings unique expertise and a shared commitment to delivering thorough, patient-focused care for all ages. Whether you need advanced cataract surgery, paediatric eye management, or treatment for complex eye conditions, our team works together to provide the same attentive care we would want for our own families.
Dr Jason Lee
Senior Consultant & Medical Director
Special interest: Oculoplastics, General Ophthalmology, Myopia, Cataract, Diabetic Retinopathy Dr Jason Lee has extensive training in eyelid, orbital, and tear system surgery, with fellowships completed in Taiwan and China. Previously a Senior Consultant at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, he co-founded The Vision Mission, a non-profit bringing sustainable eye care to communities in Asia.
Cost, Medisave, and Insurance
Many procedures at The Straits Eye Centre are eligible for Medisave claims under MOH guidelines, and certain insurance plans may cover part or all of your treatment costs. Our patient care team will guide you through eligibility, claim limits, and paperwork, so you can focus on your recovery. For more details, refer to our Medisave & Insurance Guide.
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